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In our previous blogs, we have discussed about ISO 14971:2019 Risk Management for Medical Device. Please check out for the link below.
ISO 14971:2019 Risk Management for Medical Device
Risk Analysis, Risk Evaluation & Risk Control
In today’s blog we are going to discuss about Ophthalmoscope.
The Ophthalmoscope is an important instrument used to examine the inside of the eye. Therefore it is important for every healthcare professionals to know about Ophthalmoscope.
Let’s get into the topic.
WHAT IS OPHTHALMOSCOPE?
The Ophthalmoscope is an instrument made up of light
source and several small lens. The Ophthalmoscope is used to examine the inside
of fundus of the eye and other internal structures. The ophthalmoscope is a
coaxial optical system, which means the axis of illumination coincides with the
axis of vision into the retina. The ophthalmoscope eliminates the shadows in
order to facilitate the examination.
The procedure performed using Ophthalmoscope is called
as ophthalmoscopy. The Ophthalmoscopy is also called as funduscopy. This
procedure is used to check the condition of retina, optic nerve, vasculature,
vitreous humor and other parts of the eye. The Ophthalmoscope produces images
with approximately 15 times magnification.
The retina is the only portion of the central nervous
system which is visible externally. Similarly, fundus is the only location
where vasculature can be visualized.
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OPHTHALMOSCOPE SETTINGS
RED FREE
The red free option in ophthalmoscope is used to view
vasculature closely.
BLUE
The blue option in ophthalmoscope is used to view
corneal abrasions.
SLIT
The slit option in ophthalmoscope is used to view
contour abnormalities of cornea, retina and lens.
GRID
The grid in ophthalmoscope is used to identify the
distance between retinal lesions.
LARGE APERTURE
The larger aperture is used to examine dilated pupil
after administering mydriatic drops.
MEDIUM APERTURE
The medium aperture is used for non-dilated pupil in a
dark room setting.
SMALL APERTURE
The small aperture is used to view constricted pupil
in a well-lit room setting.
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WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
OPHTHALMOSCOPE?
There are two types of ophthalmoscope, they are as
following.
DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE
The direct ophthalmoscope is used to produce upright
image (unreversed image) of the center of retina at about 15 times
magnification. The direct ophthalmoscope is also called as traditional
ophthalmoscope.
INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE
The indirect ophthalmoscope is used to produce the
inverted image (reversed image) of the retina at about 2 to 5 times
magnification. The indirect ophthalmoscope is also called as panoptic
ophthalmoscope.
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF
OPHTHALMOSCOPE?
APERTURE DIAL
The aperture dial is used to modify the amount of
light passing through the lens.
RHEOSTATIC SWITCH
The rheostatic switch is used to power the light
source. It is used to adjust the brightness of the light.
FOCUSING WHEEL
The focusing wheel is used to make adjustment in the
focus. The red option is for negative focus and green option is used for
positive focus.
LENS SELECTION WHEEL
The ophthalmoscope has multiple lens. The lens
selection wheel is used to select the lens desired for performing the
procedure.
HOW TO FIND RETINA USING
OPHTHALMOSCOPE?
Direct the ophthalmoscope at 15 degrees from the
center and look out for the red reflex. Keep following the red reflex until the
retina is visible. While using direct ophthalmoscope, we should pivot the
ophthalmoscope angling up, angling down, left and right. In case of indirect
ophthalmoscope, we can pivot the ophthalmoscope or ask the patients to look up
to view upper retina, look down to view lower retina and look at the light to
visualize the macula.
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Now I hope you have acquired some knowledge about Ophthalmoscope. We will discuss in detail about a topic related to Biomedical Engineering in our future blogs.
NOTE: Dear friends!!!… Please do comment a topic related to Biomedical, so that we can discuss it in future blogs.
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